Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has warned that Layer-2 networks ought to solely transition to full decentralization when their underlying proof techniques are extremely dependable.
In a Could 5 publish shared on X (previously Twitter), Buterin emphasised that advancing to “stage 2″ of decentralization should be accompanied by stable technical safeguards to keep away from introducing pointless dangers.
He stated:
“A superb reminder that stage 2 will not be the one factor that issues for safety: the standard of the underlying proof system issues too.”
He defined {that a} community’s decentralization degree ought to align with its proof system’s maturity and dependability. Buterin argued that decentralization might trigger extra hurt than good if the system stays error-prone.
Buterin’s remarks are available response to a suggestion by Daniel Wang, founding father of the Loopring Basis, who proposed a brand new label of “Stage 2-BattleTested” to focus on Layer-2 options which have endured real-world stress situations.
Based on Wang, such a label would sign that the code has undergone rigorous testing and is extra reliable in stay environments. He added:
“A rollup is #BattleTested if its present code and configs have been stay on Ethereum mainnet for over 6 months, and has persistently secured over $100M in TVL – with not less than $50M in ETH and main stablecoin.”
Buterin illustrates why proof system issues
Buterin acknowledged Wang’s place, whereas illustrating a threat mannequin the place every Safety Council member has an impartial 10% probability of failure.
This consists of potential issues of safety, reminiscent of signing incorrect information, or liveness points that resulted of their unavailability or unwillingness to signal information.
Buterin acknowledged that this mannequin is imperfect attributable to real-world vulnerabilities, reminiscent of collusion or coordinated hacks, also called widespread mode failures.
Contemplating this, he famous that shifting to stage 2 sooner than modeled might typically be the higher selection, particularly as proof system high quality improves.
In the meantime, Buterin additionally proposed utilizing multi-signature (multisig) setups with a number of impartial techniques to scale back the chance of a single level of failure in proof techniques.
He argued that the chance of a protocol failure is carefully tied to the energy of its proof mechanism, particularly in superior safety phases.
The Ethereum co-founder warned that deploying a stage 2 mannequin with a weak, stage-0-level proof system could possibly be the worst-case state of affairs.
